Exploring scholarly data with Rexplore.

Despite the large number and variety of tools and services available today for exploring scholarly data, current support is still very limited in the context of sensemaking tasks, which go beyond standard search and ranking of authors and publications, and focus instead on i) understanding the dynamics of research areas, ii) relating authors ‘semantically’ (e.g., in terms of common interests or shared academic trajectories), or iii) performing fine-grained academic expert search along multiple dimensions. To address this gap we have developed a novel tool, Rexplore, which integrates statistical analysis, semantic technologies, and visual analytics to provide effective support for exploring and making sense of scholarly data. Here, we describe the main innovative elements of the tool and we present the results from a task-centric empirical evaluation, which shows that Rexplore is highly effective at providing support for the aforementioned sensemaking tasks. In addition, these results are robust both with respect to the background of the users (i.e., expert analysts vs. ‘ordinary’ users) and also with respect to whether the tasks are selected by the evaluators or proposed by the users themselves

Unrepairable substrates of nucleotide excision repair and their application to suppress the activity of this repair system

In the previous studies, the DNA with the bulky Fap-dC derivative was demonstrated to be a difficult substrate for the nucleotide excision repair (NER), a system which is involved in the removal of bulky lesions from DNA. This type of compounds could be of particular interest as possible selective NER, considerably reducing the potency of DNA repair due to competitive immobilization of protein factors involved in this process. This approach can be potentially useful to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy. Aim. To identify DNA structures containing multiple bulky adducts that can efficiently inhibit the nucleotide excision repair. Methods. Enzymatic DNA synthesis, PCR, NER-competent cell extract preparation, in vitro NER assay, HPLC. Results. The conditions for the synthesis of extended DNA containing multiple unrepairable lesions were established. A wide range of DNA structures containing modified nucleotides was obtained. All modified DNAs were shown to inhibit the in vitro activity of the NER system. The DNA structure that inhibits the NER activity with the highest efficiency was selected. Conclusions. The model DNA structures effectively inhibiting the activity of NER were found. The new data obtained here can potentially be used for both basic and applied research.У наших попередніх дослідженнях було показано, що ДНК з об'ємним похідним Fap-dC є складнорепарованим субстратом для системи ексцизійної репарації нуклеотидів (Ерн). З'єднання такого типу можуть становити особливий інтерес як можливі селективні інгібітори системи Ерн, значно знижуючи ефективність репарації ДНК шляхом зв'язування білкових чинників, залучених до даного процесу. Цей підхід може бути потенційно корисний для підвищення ефективності хіміотерапії. Мета. Дане дослідження спрямоване на пошук ДНК-структур, що містять множинні об'ємні аддукти, які з найбільшою ефективністю можуть пригнічувати активність системи. Методи. Ферментативний синтез ДНК, ПЛР, приготування Ерн-компетентних клітинних екстрактів, реакція вирізання, що каталізується білками Ерн in vitro, ВЕРХ. Результати. Проведено підбір умов синтезу протяжних модельних ДНК з множинним включенням нерепарованого пошкодження Fap-dC. Отримано ряд ДНК-структур, що містить в своєму складі різну кількість модифікованих ланок. Показано, що всі отримані ДНК пригнічують активність системи Ерн in vitro. Обрана ДНК-структура, яка пригнічує NER найбільш високою ефективністю. Висновки. Модельні ДНК з нерепарованими ушкодженнями, здатні високою ефективністю пригнічувати NER, можуть розглядатися в якості інгібіторів системи Ерн. Виявлені в даній роботі закономірності потенційно можуть бути використані для проведення як фундаментальних, так і прикладних досліджень.В наших предыдущих исследованиях было показано, что ДНК с объемным производным Fap-dC является труднорепарируемым субстратом для системы эксцизионной репарации нуклеотидов (ЭРН). Соединения такого типа могут представлять особый интерес как возможные селективные ингибиторы системы ЭРН, значительно снижая эффективность репарации ДНК путем связывания белковых факторов, вовлеченных в этот процесс. Этот подход может быть потенциально полезен для повышения эффективности химиотерапии. Цель.Текущее исследование направлено на поиск ДНК-структур, содержащих множественные объемные аддукты, которые с наибольшей эффективностью могут подавлять активность системы. Методы. Ферментативный синтез ДНК, ПЦР, приготовление ЭРН-компетентных клеточных экстрактов, реакция вырезания, катализируемая белками ЭРН in vitro, ВЭЖХ. Результаты. Проведен подбор условий синтеза протяженных модельных ДНК с множественным включением нерепарируемого повреждения Fap-dC. Получен ряд ДНК-структур, содержащий в своем составе различное количество модифицированных звеньев. Показано, что все полученные ДНК подавляют активность системы ЭРН in vitro. Выбрана ДНК-структура, которая ингибирует NER наиболее высокой эффективностью. Выводы. Модельные ДНК с нерепарируемыми повреждениями, способные высокой эффективностью подавлять NER, могут рассматриваться в качестве ингибиторов системы ЭРН. Обнаруженные в настоящей работе закономерности потенциально могут быть использованы для проведения не только фундаментальных, но и прикладных исследований

Биологические средства защиты растений в борьбе с фитопаразитическими нематодами, другими патогенами и перспективы их использования в XXI веке

Different strains of antagonistic bacteria and fungi have been actively tested for the last several years in order to discover their complex fungicidal, bactericidal and nematicidal activity in different plant communities and regions of Russia. This work is targeted for elaboration of environmentally friendly and energy-saving methods of plant protection. Bacterial strains of Pseudomonas and Bacillus, that possess not only fungicidal but also bactericidal and nematicidal effects, were revealed in the results of pot, laboratory and field experiments. These strains could regulate the number of virus-vector nematodes of Longidoridae and Trichodoridae and their associated viruses. Also, the strains could be shown to stimulate plant growth and high yield of different varieties of test-plants. They should be considered to be the natural regulators of the quantity and the distribution of parasites. This work was supported by grant RFFI 05-04-49237.С целью разработки экологически безопасных и энергосберегающих способов защиты растений в последние годы интенсивно изучаются коллекции штаммов бактерий и грибов-антагонистов, обладающих комплексной фунгицидной, бактерицидной и нематицидной активностью. Проводится их поиск в различных фитоценозах и регионах России. В результате лабораторных, вегетационных и полевых исследований впервые выделены штаммы бактерий из родов Pseudomonas и Bacillus, обладающие не только фунгицидным, бактерицидным и нематицидным эффектами, регулирующими численность нематод-вирусоносителей, но и антивирусным действием, включая вирусы, переносимые нематодами-лонгидоридами и триходоридами. Выделенные штаммы обладают стимулирующим действием на рост, вегетативную продуктивность и урожай различных видов тест-растений. Они могут рассматриваться в качестве природных регуляторов, снижающих численность и распространение в различных почвенных биоценозах нематод-вирусоносителей

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at √S^{S}NN = 5.02 TeV

The second-order Fourier coefficients (υ$_{2}$) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Υmesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb$^{-1}$. The scalar product method is used to extract the υ$_{2}$ coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range |y| < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < p$_{T}$ < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10–30%, 30–50% and 50–90%. In contrast to the J/ψ mesons, the measured υ$_{2}$ values for the Υ mesons are found to be consistent with zero

Measurement of prompt D0^{0} and D‾\overline{D}0^{0} meson azimuthal anisotropy and search for strong electric fields in PbPb collisions at root SNN\sqrt{S_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

The strong Coulomb field created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is expected to produce a rapiditydependent difference (Av2) in the second Fourier coefficient of the azimuthal distribution (elliptic flow, v2) between D0 (uc) and D0 (uc) mesons. Motivated by the search for evidence of this field, the CMS detector at the LHC is used to perform the first measurement of Av2. The rapidity-averaged value is found to be (Av2) = 0.001 ? 0.001 (stat)? 0.003 (syst) in PbPb collisions at ?sNN = 5.02 TeV. In addition, the influence of the collision geometry is explored by measuring the D0 and D0mesons v2 and triangular flow coefficient (v3) as functions of rapidity, transverse momentum (pT), and event centrality (a measure of the overlap of the two Pb nuclei). A clear centrality dependence of prompt D0 meson v2 values is observed, while the v3 is largely independent of centrality. These trends are consistent with expectations of flow driven by the initial-state geometry. ? 2021 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY licens

Performance of reconstruction and identification of τ leptons decaying to hadrons and vτ in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV

The algorithm developed by the CMS Collaboration to reconstruct and identify τ leptons produced in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV, via their decays to hadrons and a neutrino, has been significantly improved. The changes include a revised reconstruction of π⁰ candidates, and improvements in multivariate discriminants to separate τ leptons from jets and electrons. The algorithm is extended to reconstruct τ leptons in highly Lorentz-boosted pair production, and in the high-level trigger. The performance of the algorithm is studied using proton-proton collisions recorded during 2016 at √s=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb¯¹. The performance is evaluated in terms of the efficiency for a genuine τ lepton to pass the identification criteria and of the probabilities for jets, electrons, and muons to be misidentified as τ leptons. The results are found to be very close to those expected from Monte Carlo simulation

Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

At the start of Run 2 in 2015, the LHC delivered proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13\TeV. During Run 2 (years 2015–2018) the LHC eventually reached a luminosity of 2.1× 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, almost three times that reached during Run 1 (2009–2013) and a factor of two larger than the LHC design value, leading to events with up to a mean of about 50 simultaneous inelastic proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing (pileup). The CMS Level-1 trigger was upgraded prior to 2016 to improve the selection of physics events in the challenging conditions posed by the second run of the LHC. This paper describes the performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger upgrade during the data taking period of 2016–2018. The upgraded trigger implements pattern recognition and boosted decision tree regression techniques for muon reconstruction, includes pileup subtraction for jets and energy sums, and incorporates pileup-dependent isolation requirements for electrons and tau leptons. In addition, the new trigger calculates high-level quantities such as the invariant mass of pairs of reconstructed particles. The upgrade reduces the trigger rate from background processes and improves the trigger efficiency for a wide variety of physics signals

Measurement of the Y(1S) pair production cross section and search for resonances decaying to Y(1S)μ⁺μ⁻ in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

The fiducial cross section for Y(1S)pair production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeVin the region where both Y(1S)mesons have an absolute rapidity below 2.0 is measured to be 79 ± 11 (stat) ±6 (syst) ±3 (B)pbassuming the mesons are produced unpolarized. The last uncertainty corresponds to the uncertainty in the Y(1S)meson dimuon branching fraction. The measurement is performed in the final state with four muons using proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb$^{-1}$. This process serves as a standard model reference in a search for narrow resonances decaying to Y(1S)μ$^{+}$μ$^{-}$ in the same final state. Such a resonance could indicate the existence of a tetraquark that is a bound state of two bquarks and two b̅ antiquarks. The tetraquark search is performed for masses in the vicinity of four times the bottom quark mass, between 17.5 and 19.5GeV, while a generic search for other resonances is performed for masses between 16.5 and 27GeV. No significant excess of events compatible with a narrow resonance is observed in the data. Limits on the production cross section times branching fraction to four muons via an intermediate Y(1S)resonance are set as a function of the resonance mass